Python內(nèi)置函數(shù)進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換的用法

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使用Python內(nèi)置函數(shù)：bin()、oct()、int()、hex()可實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換。

先看Python官方文檔中對(duì)這幾個(gè)內(nèi)置函數(shù)的描述：

bin(x)
Convert an integer number to a binary string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.

oct(x)
Convert an integer number to an octal string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.

int([number | string[, base]])
Convert a number or string to an integer. If no arguments are given, return 0. If a number is given, return number.__int__(). Conversion of floating point numbers to integers truncates towards zero. A string must be a base-radix integer literal optionally preceded by ‘+’ or ‘-‘ (with no space in between) and optionally surrounded by whitespace. A base-n literal consists of the digits 0 to n-1, with ‘a(chǎn)’ to ‘z’ (or ‘A’ to ‘Z’) having values 10 to 35. The default base is 10. The allowed values are 0 and 2-36. Base-2, -8, and -16 literals can be optionally prefixed with 0b/0B, 0o/0O, or 0x/0X, as with integer literals in code. Base 0 means to interpret exactly as a code literal, so that the actual base is 2, 8, 10, or 16, and so that int('010', 0) is not legal, while int('010') is, as well as int('010', 8).

hex(x)
Convert an integer number to a hexadecimal string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.

bin()、oct()、hex()的返回值均為字符串，且分別帶有0b、0o、0x前綴。

Python進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換（二進(jìn)制、十進(jìn)制和十六進(jìn)制）實(shí)例

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 2/10/16 base trans. wrote by srcdog on 20th, April, 2009
# ld elements in base 2, 10, 16.

import os,sys

# global definition
# base = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F]
base = [str(x) for x in range(10)] + [ chr(x) for x in range(ord('A'),ord('A')+6)]

# bin2dec
# 二進(jìn)制 to 十進(jìn)制: int(str,n=10) 
def bin2dec(string_num):
    return str(int(string_num, 2))

# hex2dec
# 十六進(jìn)制 to 十進(jìn)制
def hex2dec(string_num):
    return str(int(string_num.upper(), 16))

# dec2bin
# 十進(jìn)制 to 二進(jìn)制: bin() 
def dec2bin(string_num):
    num = int(string_num)
    mid = []
    while True:
        if num == 0: break
        num,rem = divmod(num, 2)
        mid.append(base[rem])

    return ''.join([str(x) for x in mid[::-1]])

# dec2hex
# 十進(jìn)制 to 八進(jìn)制: oct() 
# 十進(jìn)制 to 十六進(jìn)制: hex() 
def dec2hex(string_num):
    num = int(string_num)
    mid = []
    while True:
        if num == 0: break
        num,rem = divmod(num, 16)
        mid.append(base[rem])

    return ''.join([str(x) for x in mid[::-1]])

# hex2tobin
# 十六進(jìn)制 to 二進(jìn)制: bin(int(str,16)) 
def hex2bin(string_num):
    return dec2bin(hex2dec(string_num.upper()))

# bin2hex
# 二進(jìn)制 to 十六進(jìn)制: hex(int(str,2)) 
def bin2hex(string_num):
    return dec2hex(bin2dec(string_num))