Vista 和 Windows 7 操作系統(tǒng)為了加強(qiáng)安全,增加了 UAC(用戶賬戶控制) 的機(jī)制,如果 UAC 被打開,用戶即使是以管理員權(quán)限登錄,其應(yīng)用程序默認(rèn)情況下也無法對系統(tǒng)目錄,系統(tǒng)注冊表等可能影響系統(tǒng)運行的設(shè)置進(jìn)行寫操作。這個機(jī)制大大增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的安全性,但對應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)者來說,我們不能強(qiáng)迫用戶去關(guān)閉UAC,但有時我們開發(fā)的應(yīng)用程序又需要以 Administrator 的方式運行,即 Win7 中 以 as administrator 方式運行,那么我們怎么來實現(xiàn)這樣的功能呢?
我們在 win7 下運行一些安裝程序時,會發(fā)現(xiàn)首先彈出一個對話框,讓用戶確認(rèn)是否同意允許這個程序改變你的計算機(jī)配置,但我們編寫的應(yīng)用程序默認(rèn)是不會彈出這個提示的,也無法以管理員權(quán)限運行。本文介紹了 C# 程序如何設(shè)置來提示用戶以管理員權(quán)限運行。
首先在項目中增加一個 Application Manifest File
默認(rèn)的配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"
xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyApplication.app"/> <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"> <security> <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3"> <!-- UAC Manifest Options If you want to change the Windows User Account Control level replace the requestedExecutionLevel node with one of the following. <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" /> <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" /> <requestedExecutionLevel level="highestAvailable" uiAccess="false" /> If you want to utilize File and Registry Virtualization for backward compatibility then delete the requestedExecutionLevel node. --> <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" /> </requestedPrivileges> </security> </trustInfo> </asmv1:assembly>
我們可以看到這個配置中有一個 requestedExecutionLevel 項,這個項用于配置當(dāng)前應(yīng)用請求的執(zhí)行權(quán)限級別。這個項有3個值可供選擇,如下表所示:
Value |
Description |
Comment |
asInvoker |
The application runs with the same access token as the parent process. |
Recommended for standard user applications. Do refractoring with internal elevation points, as per the guidance provided earlier in this document. |
highestAvailable |
The application runs with the highest privileges the current user can obtain. |
Recommended for mixed-mode applications. Plan to refractor the application in a future release. |
requireAdministrator |
The application runs only for administrators and requires that the application be launched with the full access token of an administrator. |
Recommended for administrator only applications. Internal elevation points are not needed. The application is already running elevated. |
asInvoker : 如果選這個,應(yīng)用程序就是以當(dāng)前的權(quán)限運行。
highestAvailable: 這個是以當(dāng)前用戶可以獲得的最高權(quán)限運行。
requireAdministrator: 這個是僅以系統(tǒng)管理員權(quán)限運行。
默認(rèn)情況下是 asInvoker。
highestAvailable 和 requireAdministrator 這兩個選項都可以提示用戶獲取系統(tǒng)管理員權(quán)限。那么這兩個選項的區(qū)別在哪里呢?
他們的區(qū)別在于,如果我們不是以管理員帳號登錄,那么如果應(yīng)用程序設(shè)置為 requireAdministrator ,那么應(yīng)用程序就直接運行失敗,無法啟動。而如果設(shè)置為 highestAvailable,則應(yīng)用程序可以運行成功,但是是以當(dāng)前帳號的權(quán)限運行而不是系統(tǒng)管理員權(quán)限運行。如果我們希望程序在非管理員帳號登錄時也可以運行(這種情況下應(yīng)該某些功能受限制) ,那么建議采用 highestAvailable 來配置。
關(guān)于requestedExecutionLevel 設(shè)置的權(quán)威文檔請參考下面鏈接:
Create and Embed an Application Manifest (UAC)
下面是修改后的配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <asmv1:assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"
xmlns:asmv1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="MyApplication.app"/> <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"> <security> <requestedPrivileges xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3"> <!-- UAC Manifest Options If you want to change the Windows User Account Control level replace the requestedExecutionLevel node with one of the following. <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" /> <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" /> <requestedExecutionLevel level="highestAvailable" uiAccess="false" /> If you want to utilize File and Registry Virtualization for backward compatibility then delete the requestedExecutionLevel node. --> <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" /> </requestedPrivileges> </security> </trustInfo> </asmv1:assembly>
配置文件修改后,我們運行應(yīng)用程序,就會首先彈出這樣一個提示框,點 Yes 后,程序才可以繼續(xù)運行,并且獲得系統(tǒng)管理員的權(quán)限。.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
下面再來看看程序如何知道當(dāng)前運行在系統(tǒng)管理員權(quán)限還是非系統(tǒng)管理員權(quán)限:
public static bool IsAdministrator() { WindowsIdentity identity = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent(); WindowsPrincipal principal = new WindowsPrincipal(identity); return principal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator); }.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
這段代碼可以用于判斷當(dāng)前程序是否運行在系統(tǒng)管理員權(quán)限下。如果配置為 asInvoker,在win7 下,這個函數(shù)會返回 false ,如果是 requireAdministrator 則返回 true。